Understanding OPT versus STEM OPT

Initial OPT: the starting point

• Eligible F-1 students in STEM and non-STEM fields can apply. Prior pre-completion OPT reduces the post-completion time available at the same educational level.
• Employment must relate directly to your major. Initial post-completion OPT requires qualifying work of at least 20 hours per week and permits no more than 90 unemployment days.
• You need the DSO recommendation and USCIS approval. For initial OPT, do not start before receiving the EAD and its authorized start date.

STEM OPT: additional eligibility and employer duties

• Confirm your degree's CIP code against the current DHS STEM list, your school's qualifications, and your valid post-completion OPT period. Some prior U.S. STEM degrees can qualify under additional rules; ask your DSO.
• The employer must participate in E-Verify and meet training, supervision and compensation requirements. You and the employer must complete Form I-983 for the DSO.
• STEM OPT has stricter employment requirements; an unpaid volunteer role does not qualify. Confirm each employer and training arrangement with your DSO.
• The combined unemployment allowance is 150 days across initial OPT and the STEM extension, not 150 new days after the extension starts.

Different application and reporting clocks

• Apply for STEM OPT up to 90 days before your current OPT expires, within 60 days of the DSO's recommendation, and before current OPT expiration.
• A timely filed qualifying STEM extension application can extend work authorization for up to 180 days while pending; the extension ends when USCIS adjudicates it. This is not the rule for an initial OPT application.
• STEM students must report specified changes within 10 days, validate information every six months, and complete required I-983 evaluations. Review the DHS reporting guidance with your DSO.

Official sources

• USCIS: OPT for F-1 students
• USCIS: STEM OPT extension
• DHS: STEM OPT Hub

Next step

Research participation, then confirm the hiring entity's details and STEM obligations with the employer and your DSO.